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Physics of Fluids / Volume 24 / Issue 1 / ARTICLES / Instability and Transition

Phys. Fluids 24, 014103 (2012); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3673611 (17 pages)

An experimental study of transitional pulsatile pipe flow

R. Trip, D. J. Kuik, J. Westerweel, and C. Poelma

Laboratory for Aero and Hydrodynamics (3ME-P&E), Delft University of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 21, 2628 CA Delft, The Netherlands

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(Received 2 June 2011; accepted 2 December 2011; published online 6 January 2012)

The transitional regime of a sinusoidal pulsatile flow in a straight, rigid pipe is investigated using particle image velocimetry. The main aim is to investigate how the critical Reynolds number is affected by different pulsatile conditions, expressed as the Womersley number and the oscillatory Reynolds number. The transition occurs in the region of Re = 2250-3000 and is characterized by an increasing number of isolated turbulence structures. Based on velocity fields and flow visualizations, these structures can be identified as puffs, similar to those observed in steady flow transition. Measurements at different Womersley numbers yield similar transition behavior, indicating that pulsatile effects do not play a role in the regime that is investigated. Variations of the oscillatory Reynolds number also appear to have little effect, so that the transition here seems to be determined only by the mean Reynolds number. For larger mean Reynolds numbers, a second regime is observed: here, the flow remains turbulent throughout the cycle. The turbulence intensity varies during the cycle, but has a phase shift with respect to the mean flow component. This is caused by a growth of kinetic energy during the decelerating part and a decay during the accelerating part of the cycle. Flow visualization experiments reveal that the flow develops localized turbulence at several random axial positions. The structures quickly grow to fill the entire pipe in the decelerating phase and (partially) decay during the accelerating phase.

© 2012 American Institute of Physics

Article Outline

  1. INTRODUCTION
    1. Aim and scope of this study
  2. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
  3. EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES
    1. Flow facility
    2. Measurement technique
    3. Data processing
  4. TRANSITION OF PULSATILE FLOW
    1. Laminar flow
    2. Transition of steady flow
    3. Transition of unsteady flow
  5. PHASE-LOCKED TURBULENCE
  6. CONCLUSIONS

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KEYWORDS and PACS

Keywords

flow visualisation, fluid oscillations, laminar to turbulent transitions, pipe flow, pulsatile flow, turbulence

PACS

ARTICLE DATA

Digital Object Identifier
http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3673611

PUBLICATION DATA

ISSN

1070-6631 (print)  
1089-7666 (online)

Publisher

$abstract.society.value is a Member of CrossRef American Institute of Physics

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