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Sep 2010

Volume 22, Issue 9, Articles (09xxxx)

Issue Cover Spotlight Figure

Phys. Fluids 22, 091106 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3483215 (1 page)

D. M. Harris, V. A. Miller, and C. H. K. Williamson
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Introduction: 27th Annual Gallery of Fluid Motion (Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA, 2009)

Sean C. Garrick

Phys. Fluids 22, 091101 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3483224 (1 page)

Online Publication Date: 30 September 2010

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01.10.Cr Announcements, news, and awards
47.00.00 Fluid dynamics
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Japanese fan flow

Teis Schnipper, Laust Tophøj, Anders Andersen, and Tomas Bohr

Phys. Fluids 22, 091102 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3479926 (1 page)

Online Publication Date: 30 September 2010

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47.32.-y Vortex dynamics; rotating fluids
47.55.D- Drops and bubbles
47.27.wb Turbulent wakes
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Electrocoalescence fireworks

H. Aryafar and H. P. Kavehpour

Phys. Fluids 22, 091103 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3480116 (1 page)

Online Publication Date: 30 September 2010

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Abstract Unavailable
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47.65.-d Magnetohydrodynamics and electrohydrodynamics
47.32.Ff Separated flows
47.55.D- Drops and bubbles
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Collapse of nonaxisymmetric cavities

Oscar R. Enríquez, Ivo R. Peters, Stephan Gekle, Laura E. Schmidt, Michel Versluis, Devaraj van der Meer, and Detlef Lohse

Phys. Fluids 22, 091104 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3481432 (1 page) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 30 September 2010

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Abstract Unavailable
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47.60.Dx Flows in ducts and channels
47.55.Hd Stratified flows
47.80.Jk Flow visualization and imaging
47.85.Dh Hydrodynamics, hydraulics, hydrostatics
47.85.Np Fluidics
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Starting, traveling, and colliding vortices: Dielectric-barrier-discharge plasma in quiescent air

Richard Whalley and Kwing-So Choi

Phys. Fluids 22, 091105 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3481439 (1 page) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 30 September 2010

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52.80.-s Electric discharges
52.70.Kz Optical (ultraviolet, visible, infrared) measurements
52.75.-d Plasma devices
52.35.Qz Microinstabilities (ion-acoustic, two-stream, loss-cone, beam-plasma, drift, ion- or electron-cyclotron, etc.)
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A short wave instability caused by the approach of a vortex pair to a ground plane

D. M. Harris, V. A. Miller, and C. H. K. Williamson

Phys. Fluids 22, 091106 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3483215 (1 page) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 30 September 2010

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47.20.Ib Instability of boundary layers; separation
47.27.nb Boundary layer turbulence
47.32.-y Vortex dynamics; rotating fluids
47.35.-i Hydrodynamic waves
47.20.-k Flow instabilities
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Oil droplet in alcohol

Roderick R. La Foy, Jesse Belden, Tadd T. Truscott, Anna M. Shih, and Alexandra H. Techet

Phys. Fluids 22, 091107 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3483217 (1 page) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 30 September 2010

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Abstract Unavailable
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47.20.Ma Interfacial instabilities (e.g., Rayleigh-Taylor)
47.32.-y Vortex dynamics; rotating fluids
47.55.D- Drops and bubbles
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Lagrangian feature extraction of the cylinder wake

Jens Kasten, Christoph Petz, Ingrid Hotz, Hans-Christian Hege, Bernd R. Noack, and Gilead Tadmor

Phys. Fluids 22, 091108 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3483220 (1 page) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 30 September 2010

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Abstract Unavailable
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47.80.Jk Flow visualization and imaging
47.32.-y Vortex dynamics; rotating fluids
47.27.wb Turbulent wakes
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Bubble cluster explosion

Pedro Antonio Quinto-Su and Claus-Dieter Ohl

Phys. Fluids 22, 091109 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3483221 (1 page)

Online Publication Date: 30 September 2010

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47.55.dd Bubble dynamics
47.55.db Drop and bubble formation
47.55.dp Cavitation and boiling
47.55.dr Interactions with surfaces
47.80.Jk Flow visualization and imaging
68.08.Bc Wetting
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Self-propelled jumping drops on superhydrophobic surfaces

Jonathan B. Boreyko and Chuan-Hua Chen

Phys. Fluids 22, 091110 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3483222 (1 page) | Cited 7 times

Online Publication Date: 30 September 2010

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Abstract Unavailable
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47.55.D- Drops and bubbles
68.03.Cd Surface tension and related phenomena
68.08.Bc Wetting
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A numerical simulation of a plunging breaking wave

Paul Adams, Kevin George, Mike Stephens, Kyle A. Brucker, Thomas T. O'Shea, and Douglas G. Dommermuth

Phys. Fluids 22, 091111 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3487758 (1 page)

Online Publication Date: 30 September 2010

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Abstract Unavailable
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47.11.-j Computational methods in fluid dynamics
47.35.-i Hydrodynamic waves
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Large-eddy simulations of Richtmyer–Meshkov instability in a converging geometry

M. Lombardini and R. Deiterding

Phys. Fluids 22, 091112 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3491373 (1 page)

Online Publication Date: 30 September 2010

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Abstract Unavailable
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47.11.-j Computational methods in fluid dynamics
47.32.-y Vortex dynamics; rotating fluids
47.40.Nm Shock wave interactions and shock effects
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Dynamics within surfactant monolayers

SiYoung Q. Choi and T. M. Squires

Phys. Fluids 22, 091113 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3492833 (1 page) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 30 September 2010

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68.47.Pe Langmuir-Blodgett films on solids; polymers on surfaces; biological molecules on surfaces
47.32.Ef Rotating and swirling flows
87.16.dj Dynamics and fluctuations
68.03.Cd Surface tension and related phenomena
47.57.Qk Rheological aspects
68.03.Fg Evaporation and condensation of liquids
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Correcting hot-wire measurements of stream-wise turbulence intensity in boundary layers

P. A. Monkewitz, R. D. Duncan, and H. M. Nagib

Phys. Fluids 22, 091701 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3481146 (4 pages) | Cited 7 times

Online Publication Date: 7 September 2010

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The current experimental activity aimed at resolving the scaling of stream-wise turbulence intensity profiles math+(y+) with Reynolds number in turbulent flat plate boundary layers has brought the largely unresolved issue of correcting systematic errors in hot-wire measurements of math+(y+) into focus. Here, a heuristic scheme is proposed to generate unique math+(y+;Reδ∗) profiles from data obtained with single hot wires of widely different length, aspect ratio and construction over a large Reynolds number range of 4000≲Reδ∗≲50 000. A comparison with LDA data and other checks suggest that the present correction scheme produces math+(y+;Reδ∗) profiles close to the (unknown) true profiles.
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47.27.nb Boundary layer turbulence
47.80.-v Instrumentation and measurement methods in fluid dynamics
06.20.Dk Measurement and error theory

A scaling theory for the hydrodynamic interaction between a pair of vesicles or capsules

Arun Ramachandran and Gary Leal

Phys. Fluids 22, 091702 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3481784 (4 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 13 September 2010

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We present a scaling theory based on the analysis of A. K. Chesters [Chem. Eng. Res. Des. 69, 259 (1991)] that describes the time required to drain the thin, suspending fluid film that forms between two deformable capsules or vesicles as they are pushed toward each other by a constant force. Capsules and vesicles show a decrease in the drainage time with the pushing force, which results in the prediction that in a shear flow, the number of doublet formation events increases with the shear rate. Both trends are exactly opposite to what is expected and observed for deformable drops.
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47.55.db Drop and bubble formation
47.11.Hj Boundary element methods

Two-link swimming using buoyant orientation

L. J. Burton, R. L. Hatton, H. Choset, and A. E. Hosoi

Phys. Fluids 22, 091703 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3481785 (4 pages)

Online Publication Date: 13 September 2010

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The scallop theorem posits that a two-link system immersed in a fluid at low Reynolds number cannot achieve any net translation via cyclic changes in its hinge angle. Here, we propose an approach to “breaking” this theorem, based on a static separation between the centers of mass and buoyancy in a net neutrally buoyant system. This separation gives the system a natural equilibrium orientation, allowing it to passively reorient without changing shape.
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47.32.Ef Rotating and swirling flows
47.85.Np Fluidics
47.32.Ff Separated flows
87.19.ru Locomotion

Testing Batchelor’s similarity hypotheses for decaying two-dimensional turbulence

Erik Lindborg and Andreas Vallgren

Phys. Fluids 22, 091704 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3488997 (4 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 15 September 2010

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We carry out three high resolution direct numerical simulations of the two-dimensional Navier–Stokes equation to test Batchelor’s similarity hypotheses of an equilibrium spectral range and an inertial subrange where the enstrophy wave number spectrum has the form Φ(k) = Cχ2/3k−1, where χ is the mean enstrophy dissipation rate and C is a constant. We use very different initial conditions in the three simulations and find that Batchelor’s hypotheses are well satisfied in each simulation. However, there is a small but significant difference between the equilibrium range spectrum of one of the simulations as compared to the spectra of the other two. We suggest that the difference is linked to the stronger degree of large scale variation of the enstrophy dissipation which is observed in this simulation as compared to the other two.
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47.27.E- Turbulence simulation and modeling
47.10.ad Navier-Stokes equations
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Simulations of dynamics of plunge and pitch of a three-dimensional flexible wing in a low Reynolds number flow

Dewei Qi, Yingming Liu, Wei Shyy, and Hikaru Aono

Phys. Fluids 22, 091901 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3481786 (20 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 1 September 2010

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The lattice Boltzmann flexible particle method (LBFPM) is used to simulate fluid-structure interaction and motion of a flexible wing in a three-dimensional space. In the method, a beam with rectangular cross section has been discretized into a chain of rigid segments. The segments are connected through ball and socket joints at their ends and may be bent and twisted. Deformation of flexible structure is treated with a linear elasticity model through bending and twisting. It is demonstrated that the flexible particle method (FPM) can approximate the nonlinear Euler–Bernoulli beam equation without resorting to a nonlinear elasticity model. Simulations of plunge and pitch of flexible wing at Reynolds number Re = 136 are conducted in hovering condition by using the LBFPM. It is found that both lift and drag forces increase first, then decrease dramatically as the bending rigidity in spanwise direction decreases and that the lift and drag forces are sensitive to rigidity in a certain range. It is shown that the downwash flows induced by wing tip and trailing vortices in wake area are larger for a flexible wing than for a rigid wing, lead to a smaller effective angle of attack, and result in a larger lift force.
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47.85.Np Fluidics
47.11.Qr Lattice gas
47.32.Ef Rotating and swirling flows
47.15.Tr Laminar wakes
47.11.Fg Finite element methods
02.70.Dh Finite-element and Galerkin methods
back to top Micro- and Nanofluid Mechanics

Gas flows through shallow T-junctions and parallel microchannel networks

A. D. Gat, I. Frankel, and D. Weihs

Phys. Fluids 22, 092001 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3481386 (8 pages)

Online Publication Date: 30 September 2010

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We apply a recent extension of the Hele-Shaw scheme to analyze steady compressible viscous flows through micro T-junctions. The linearity of the problem in terms of an appropriately defined quadratic form of the pressure facilitates the definition of the viscous resistance of the configuration, relating the gas mass-flow rate to entrance and exit conditions. Furthermore, under rather mild restrictions, the performance of complex microchannel networks may be estimated through superposition of the contributions of multiple basic junction elements. This procedure is applied to an optimization model problem of a parallel microchannel network. The analysis and results are readily adaptable to incompressible flows.
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47.40.-x Compressible flows; shock waves
47.60.Dx Flows in ducts and channels
07.10.Cm Micromechanical devices and systems
47.11.-j Computational methods in fluid dynamics
02.60.Cb Numerical simulation; solution of equations

Flow of ferrofluid in an annular gap in a rotating magnetic field

Arlex Chaves, Isaac Torres-Diaz, and Carlos Rinaldi

Phys. Fluids 22, 092002 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3483598 (10 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 30 September 2010

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An asymptotic solution is obtained for flow of a ferrofluid between two stationary coaxial cylinders of infinite extent, including the effects of spin viscosity. This solution takes into account the nonuniformity of the magnetic field in the annular space that arises as a consequence of the demagnetizing field of the inner cylinder. In the limit of zero spin viscosity the analysis predicts there is no flow in the annular gap. For nonzero spin viscosity the analysis predicts flow in the annulus with corotation of field and fluid close to the outer cylinder wall and counter-rotation close to the inner cylinder wall. The asymptotic predictions for the translational velocity are compared to experimental measurements obtained using the ultrasound velocity profile method for ferrofluid in an annular gap. The observed experimental velocity profiles are in qualitative agreement with the predictions of the asymptotic model, and transition between corotation to counter-rotation of fluid and field was observed at an intermediate radial position. These observations provide further evidence of the existence of couple stresses in ferrofluids and the importance of spin viscosity in describing some ferrofluid flows.
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47.65.Cb Magnetic fluids and ferrofluids
47.85.Dh Hydrodynamics, hydraulics, hydrostatics
47.60.-i Flow phenomena in quasi-one-dimensional systems
47.10.Fg Dynamical systems methods
back to top Interfacial Flows

Stability of liquid sheet edges

R. Krechetnikov

Phys. Fluids 22, 092101 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3474640 (12 pages) | Cited 6 times

Online Publication Date: 7 September 2010

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Accelerating edges of thin liquid sheets are ubiquitous and are known to experience a longitudinal (along-the-edge) instability, which often leads to their break-up and atomization. The fundamental physical mechanisms of this instability are studied analytically in the quasisteady regime, which admits a concise modeling. It is discovered that the classical Rayleigh–Taylor mechanism is substantially modified which leads to a stability picture different from that for flat interfaces, in part due to an interplay with Rayleigh–Plateau mechanisms. In particular, as the Bond number increases, first, only one critical wavenumber is excited, but for higher values of the Bond number several critical wavenumbers can coexist with the same growth rates. This allows for the transition from the regular picture, in which one wavelength sets the pattern, to the frustrated picture, in which a few wavenumbers compete with each other.
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47.20.Ma Interfacial instabilities (e.g., Rayleigh-Taylor)

On application of lubrication approximations to nonunidirectional coating flows with clean and surfactant interfaces

R. Krechetnikov

Phys. Fluids 22, 092102 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3484276 (10 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 22 September 2010

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In this work, the characteristic properties of the lubrication approximation are studied and its weak ellipticity is established, in contradistinction to the commonly accepted parabolic character of the lubrication equations resulting from the underlying unidirectional flow assumption. The weak ellipticity property allows the lubrication analysis to capture flow topologies around stagnation points, contact lines, and flows over edges, all of which normally require elliptic operators to be accounted for. This is used to explain the empirically observed overperformance of the lubrication approximation from the perspective of characteristic analysis. While the analysis is developed in the context of the classical Landau–Levich problem of dip-coating, which is known to possess an interfacial stagnation point both in the clean and surfactant interface cases, the analysis is general since the Landau–Levich equation is common to many other lubrication problems. The analytical approach presented here when applied to the surfactant interface case, also allows one to establish a new physical result: a variation of the bulk surfactant concentration is the necessary condition for the film thickening phenomenon in the Landau–Levich problem to occur due to surfactant-induced Marangoni effects.
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47.85.mf Lubrication flows
68.03.Cd Surface tension and related phenomena
47.55.pf Marangoni convection
47.55.np Contact lines

Three-dimensional localized coherent structures of surface turbulence. III. Experiment and model validation

E. A. Demekhin, E. N. Kalaidin, and A. S. Selin

Phys. Fluids 22, 092103 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3478839 (13 pages)

Online Publication Date: 27 September 2010

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The paper continues a series of publications devoted to the three-dimensional (3D) nonlinear localized coherent structures on the surface of vertically falling liquid films. The work is primarily focused on experimental investigations. We study: (i) instabilities and transitions leading to 3D coherent structures and (ii) characteristics of these structures. Some nonstationary effects are also studied numerically. Our experimental results, as well as the results of other investigators, are in a good agreement with our theoretical and numerical predictions.
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47.20.-k Flow instabilities
68.15.+e Liquid thin films
47.27.nb Boundary layer turbulence
47.35.Fg Solitary waves
02.60.-x Numerical approximation and analysis

Instability growth rate of two-phase mixing layers from a linear eigenvalue problem and an initial-value problem

Anne Bagué, Daniel Fuster, Stéphane Popinet, Ruben Scardovelli, and Stéphane Zaleski

Phys. Fluids 22, 092104 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3483206 (9 pages) | Cited 7 times

Online Publication Date: 30 September 2010

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The temporal instability of parallel two-phase mixing layers is studied with a linear stability code by considering a composite error function base flow. The eigenfunctions of the linear problem are used to initialize the velocity and volume fraction fields for direct numerical simulations of the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations with the open-source GERRIS flow solver. We compare the growth rate of the most unstable mode from the linear stability problem and from the simulation results at moderate and large density and viscosity ratios in order to validate the code for a wide range of physical parameters. The efficiency of the adaptive mesh refinement scheme is also discussed.
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47.55.Ca Gas/liquid flows
47.27.wj Turbulent mixing layers
47.10.ad Navier-Stokes equations
47.11.Fg Finite element methods
47.27.ek Direct numerical simulations
back to top Laminar Flows

Vortex decay in the Kármán eddy street

Fernando L. Ponta

Phys. Fluids 22, 093601 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3481383 (11 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 15 September 2010

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In this paper, we analyze the effect of viscosity on the vorticity distribution and its rate of decay in the Kármán vortex street behind a circular cylinder. We used direct numerical simulation data, which we compare to well-known experimental measurements. By decomposing the incompressible velocity field in a frame of reference attached to the cylinder into its solenoidal and harmonic components, we identify the eddy structures associated with the formation, shedding, and rearrangement of the vortices into the Kármán street, and study their subsequent decay. This allows us to extend the conclusions of the partially viscous model by Hooker [“On the action of viscosity in increasing the spacing ratio of a vortex street,” Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 154, 67 (1936)] , who made several simplifying hypotheses: initial infinite-length filament-vortex wake, circular Lamb vortices of equal age at subsequent times, and no overlapping of the vortex cores. We show that the vortices have elliptical cores with an elliptical ratio that evolves downstream according to a systematic law. We also find that the vortex cores exhibit a Gaussian vorticity profile and a vorticity versus stream-function scatter plot clearly consistent with the Lamb-vortex model. The peak vorticity in the core decays downstream with a hyperbolic decay rate determined by the amount of circulation contained in the core at the early stages of the street, which is also consistent with Lamb’s solution.
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47.11.-j Computational methods in fluid dynamics
47.27.E- Turbulence simulation and modeling
47.32.-y Vortex dynamics; rotating fluids
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