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Physics of Fluids / Volume 16 / Issue 10 / ARTICLES

Phys. Fluids 16, 3627 (2004); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1773493 (12 pages)

Experimental and theoretical investigation of the nonmodal growth of steady streaks in a flat plate boundary layer

Jens H. M. Fransson1, Luca Brandt1, Alessandro Talamelli2, and Carlo Cossu3

1KTH Mechanics, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
2KTH Mechanics, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden and II Facoltà di Ingegneria, Università di Bologna, 47100 Forlì, Italy
3Laboratoire d’Hydrodynamique (LadHyX), CNRS-Ecole Polytechnique, F-91128 Palaiseau, France

(Received 19 January 2004; accepted 27 May 2004; published online 27 August 2004)

An experimental and theoretical investigation aimed at describing the nonmodal growth of steady and spanwise periodic streamwise streaks in a flat plate boundary layer is presented. Stable laminar streaks are experimentally generated by means of a spanwise periodic array of small cylindrical roughness elements fixed on the plate. The streamwise evolution of the streaks is measured and it is proved that, except in a small region near the roughness elements, they obey the boundary layer scalings. The maximum achievable amplitude is mainly determined by the relative height of the roughness elements. Results are compared with numerical simulations of optimal and suboptimal boundary layer streaks. The theory is able to elucidate some of the discrepancies recently noticed between experimentally realizable nonmodal growth and optimal perturbation theory. The key factor is found to be the wall normal location and the extension of the laminar standing streamwise vortices inducing the streaks. The differences among previous experimental works can be explained by different dominating streak generation mechanisms which can be linked to the geometry and to the ratio between the roughness height and the boundary layer scale.

© 2004 American Institute of Physics

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KEYWORDS and PACS

Keywords

boundary layers, numerical analysis, perturbation theory, vortices

PACS

ARTICLE DATA

Digital Object Identifier
http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1773493

PUBLICATION DATA

ISSN

1070-6631 (print)  
1089-7666 (online)

Publisher

$abstract.society.value is a Member of CrossRef American Institute of Physics

For access to fully linked references, you need to log in.
    P. Andersson, M. Berggren, and D. S. Henningson, "Optimal disturbances and bypass transition in boundary layers," Phys. Fluids 11, 134 (1999)PHFLE6000011000001000134000001.

    C. Cossu and L. Brandt, "Stabilization of Tollmien–Schlichting waves by finite amplitude optimal streaks in the Blasius boundary layer," Phys. Fluids 14, L57 (2002)PHFLE6000014000008000L57000001.

    H. Komoda, "Nonlinear development of disturbance in a laminar boundary layer," Phys. Fluids 10, S87 (1967)PFLDAS000010000009000S87000001.

    A. A. Bakchinov, G. R. Grek, B. G. B. Klingmann, and V. V. Kozlov, "Transition experiments in a boundary layer with embedded streamwise vortices," Phys. Fluids 7, 820 (1995)PHFLE6000007000004000820000001.

    E. B. White, "Transient growth of stationary disturbances in a flat plate boundary layer," Phys. Fluids 14, 4429 (2002)PHFLE6000014000012004429000001.

    M. Gaster, C. E. Grosch, and T. L. Jackson, "The velocity field created by a shallow bump in a boundary layer," Phys. Fluids 6, 3079 (1994)PHFLE6000006000009003079000001.

    R. D. Joslin and C. E. Grosch, "Growth characteristics downstream of a shallow bump: Computation and experiment," Phys. Fluids 7, 3042 (1995)PHFLE6000007000012003042000001.

    L. S. Hultgren and L. H. Gustavsson, "Algebraic growth of disturbances in a laminar boundary layer," Phys. Fluids 24, 1000 (1981)PFLDAS000024000006001000000001.


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